D&C (Dilation and Curettage)

D&C (Dilation and Curettage)

Dilation and Curettage (D&C) is a safe and commonly performed gynaecological procedure used to diagnose and treat various uterine conditions by removing tissue from the uterine lining. The cervix is gently dilated, and the endometrium is scraped or suctioned using specialized instruments — often done to manage miscarriage, abnormal bleeding, or other uterine concerns. It is a short, low-risk procedure typically performed under local or general anesthesia.

When is D&C Recommended?

D&C may be advised for the following reasons:

• Incomplete miscarriage or retained products of conception
• Heavy or irregular uterine bleeding
• Uterine polyps or fibroids
• Suspected endometrial hyperplasia or cancer
• Removal of molar pregnancy
• Postmenopausal bleeding
• Diagnostic sampling of the uterine lining (biopsy)

Symptoms That May Require a D&C

• Prolonged or excessive menstrual bleeding
• Bleeding between periods or after menopause
• Severe cramping or abdominal pain following miscarriage
• Foul-smelling vaginal discharge
• Irregular cycles unresponsive to medications
• Ultrasound findings showing retained tissue or thickened lining

Causes of Uterine Abnormalities

• Hormonal imbalances (e.g., estrogen excess)
• Uterine infections or inflammation
• Polyps or benign growths
• Retained placental tissue post-delivery or miscarriage
• Abnormal cell changes in the endometrial lining
• Structural uterine abnormalities

Can It Be Prevented?

While some uterine conditions are not preventable, timely evaluation and care can reduce the need for D&C:

• Regular gynaecological check-ups
• Managing hormonal imbalances early
• Seeking prompt treatment for abnormal bleeding
• Following medical advice after pregnancy or miscarriage
• Avoiding unsupervised use of hormonal medications